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Immanuel Kant

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Who Was Immanuel Kant?

While tutoring, Immanuel Kant published science papers, including "General Natural History and Theory of the Heavens" in He spent the next 15 years as a metaphysics lecturer. In , he published the first part of Critique of Pure Reason. He published more critiques in the years preceding his death on February 12, , in the city of his birth.

Early Life

Kant was the fourth of nine children born to Johann Georg Cant, a harness maker, and Anna Regina Cant. Later in his life, Immanuel changed the spelling of his name to Kant to to adhere to German spelling practices. Both parents were devout followers of Pietism, an 18th-century branch of the Lutheran Church. Seeing the potential in the young man, a local pastor arranged for the young Kant's education. While at school, Kant gained a deep appreciation for the Latin classics.

In , Kant enrolled at the University of Konigsberg as a theology student, but was soon attracted to mathematics and physics. In , his father died and he was forced to leave the university to help his family. For a decade, he worked as a private tutor for the wealthy. During this time he published severa

Recommended Reading:

Primary sources:

  • Kants gessamelte Schriften, ed. by Der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (de Gruyter, )
  • Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, tr. by Werner S. Pluhar and Patricia Kitcher (Hackett, )
  • Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, trans. Werner S. Pluhar (Hackett, )
  • Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgment, ed. by Werner S. Pluhar (Hackett, )
  • Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will Be Able to Come Forward As Science, tr. by Paul Carus (Hackett, )
  • Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, tr. by James W. Ellington (Hackett, )

Secondary sources:

  • Ernst Cassirer, Stephan Korner, and James Haden, Kant's Life and Thought (Yale, )
  • Roger Scruton, Kant (Oxford, )
  • The Cambridge Companion to Kant, ed. by Paul Guyer (Cambridge, )
  • Ralph C.S. Walker, Kant (Routledge, )
  • Sebastian Gardner, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason (Routledge, )
  • Norman Kemp Smith, Commentary to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (Humanity, )
  • Paul Guyer, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge (Cambridge, )
  • Paul Abela, Kant's Empirical Realism (Oxford, )

    Early Life

    • Born April 22, Köningsberg
    • Artisan Pietist family
    • Taught hard-work, honesty, cleanliness and independence
    • Attended University of Köningsberg
    • Tutored and then taught at the University

    Key Works

    • Three Critiques
    • Critique of Pure Reason
    • Critique of Practical Reason
    • Critique of Judgement
    • Critique of Pure Reason
    • Very long and very complex
    • Determine the limits and scope of Pure Reason (Reason without use of senses)
    • Made distinctions between synthetic and analytic and between a posteriori and a priori knowledge

    In all judgments in which the relation of a subject to the predicate is thought (if I only consider affirmative judgments, since the application to negative ones is easy) this relation is possible in two different ways. Either the predicate B belongs to the subject A as something that is (covertly) contained in this concept A; or B lies entirely outside the concept A, though to be sure it stands in connection with it. In the first case, I call the judgment analytic, in the second synthetic.

    Synthetic

    • Some ophthalmologists are ill-humoured.
    • If Holmes killed Sikes, the Watson is dead.

    Analytic

    • All ophthalmologists are doctors.
    • If Holmes kille

      Immanuel Kant life and biography

      Immanuel Kant (22 April – 12 February ) was an 18th-century German philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg. Kant was the last influential philosopher of modern Europe in the classic sequence of the theory of knowledge during the Enlightenment beginning with thinkers John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume.

      Known by many in the field as the father of modern philosophy, Immanuel Kant questioned many of the assumptions held in his day. He focused much of his work on the realm of human thought, understanding, and potential. His ideas about observation, learning, and experientialism set the precedent for all philosophers who followed him.


      Born in the early s, Kant lived in what was known as East Prussia (now a part of Kaliningrad, Russia). There, he was able to secure a teaching position for nearly ten years when he began working at Konigsberg University. He would remain a part of their staff for nearly five decades contributing to the rise and popularity of philosophy of the day.


      Not much more is known about Kant’s earlier life. He did go on to having several of his pieces published, although none were an exact autobiography. I

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